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The Caesarean Section as a Delivery of the Future

Languages

  • Posted on: 6 December 2018
  • By: claudio

About the Indians we have already written about.

From the mixture with blacks, childbirth underwent a process that included prayers, superstitions, benetions.

In the contryside, the original position was mantained, with the woman squatting down in low stools, with help from the midwife, who also prepared the superstitions.

In earthen figurines from the Northeast of Brazil there are figures of women giving birth in low stools such as are used in some places until today.

In the cities, childbirth was and still is helped by practical midwives. Many famous Brazilian obstetricians were born in these women’s hands.

Childbirth took place in the hospital only when there were serious problems.

Until the decade of 1960 there was a school for practical midwives.

Childbirth was routinely hospitalized after the 1964 Revolution, when the services of medical examination at home became extinct, medical assistance institutions were unified and childbirth became an exclusive attribution of the doctors.

Childbirth through caesarian surgery is paid at a rate of three times more than the vaginal deliveries. The anesthesia for he birth is not paid. In medical academy some doctors refer to caesarian surgery as the childbirth of the future. The number of caesarian surgeries rises, becoming the highest in the planet. Its incidence is directly proportional to the socioeconomic level of the patient.

Prevalence of Cesarean Delivery 

National Demography and Health Survey

Brazil 1986 - 1996

Region

1986

1996

Rio de Janeiro

43,2

43,3

São Paulo

43,2

52,1

South

29,3

44,6

Midwest

34,4

41

Northeast

18,6

20,4

North

-

25,2

 

Live Birth System

Percentage of Caesarean sections with respect to some characteristics of the mother

Brazil 1995

Maternal Age

Maternal Instruction

Gestational Age

Birth Weight

Age

%

Formation

%

Weeks

%

Grams

%

9-14

30,8

None

16,7

<21

24,4

<900

21,5

15-19

12

1º incomplete

31,2

22-27

21,6

1000-1499

36,6

20-29

40,7

1º complete

41,6

28-36

34

1500-2499

38,8

30-39

39,2

2º complete

59,6

37-41

37,7

2500-3999

40,8

40-49

26,3

Higher

75,2

+ 42

30,7

+ 4000

46,1

Source: SINASC/MS, UNICEF Brazil.

 

Infant Mortality by Regions

Brazil 1980 - 1990 - 1996

Regions

1980

1990

1996

Variation 80-90

Variation 90-96

Brazil

85,6

47,8

37,5

-44,1%

-21,5%

North

83,6

44,6

36,1

-46,6%

-19,5%

Northeast

120,5

74,3

60,4

-38,3%

-19,1%

Southeast

61

31,2

25,9

-48,8%

-6,9%

South

55,5

27,6

22,9

-50,2%

-17%

Midwest

66,4

31,2

25,8

-53%

-22,8%

Source: Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade/MS. Cálculo de Celso Simões (IBGE) 

 

Infant Mortality Selected Causes

Brazil 1985 - 1990 - 1995

COEFFICIENT

1985

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

% Variation  85/90

% Variation  90/95

Child Mortality *

66,6

47,8

45,2

43

41,1

39,6

38,4

-31,8

-19,6

CMI for diarrhea

12,6

6,6

5,3

5,1

48,8

4,4

3,7

-

-43,9

CMI for IRA

8,3

6,9

5,5

5,6

5,5

5,2

4,7

-57,2

-31,8

CMI for perinatal conditions

26,9

20,9

22,3

20,3

19,3

19,2

19,4

-5,6

-7,1

 *  Coefficient of mortality per 1000 live births

Source: Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade/MS. Cálculo de Celso Simões (IBGE)

 

 

Perinatal and Neonatal Mortality in Brazil  

Document Prepared by:

Ana Goretti Kalume Maranhão – Ministry of Health of Brazil

Marinice M. Coutinho Joaquim – Ministry of Health of Brazil

Carolina Siu – UNICEF Brazil

 

Contributors:

Paulo Kalume – Ministry of Health of Brazil

Oscar Castilho – UNICEF New York

Maria do Carmo Leal – FFIOCRUZ / Ministry of Health of Brazil